Steam boiler



Feb. 2, 1932. LIPETZ STEAM BOILER Filed April 21, 1928 FIG. 5

3 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 2, 1932.

Filed April 21. 1928 A m l-:12 1,843,289

STEAM BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 uvvwuvv V vvvUvU= 0 0000] 8 ooooooooo 0 00000 (\2 000000000 -o oooo 00000000 o-ooo 00000000 N o' o ooooo000000000 o ooooo ooocoooo0 Q oooooooooooooooooo o L o opooooooooooooooo o ooooooooooo o fio ooooo ooooo ooo o o ooo ooooo o a. .zfwww z zw A.LIPETZ STEAM BOILER.

Feb. 2, 1932.

s Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 21, 1928 WITNESSES j ALP oNsE iIrE'rz, orsan-azr'oqa sra nes, ,NEW YO R,K j i for the boiler.

Patented Feb. 2, 1932 1 i l Application Tiled April 21,

I This invention relates generallyto steam boilers of thelocomotivetype, and part1cularly to' those of such type'asaare'designed foroperation under comparatively high pressures .of steam, and its objectis to prov de a structure of such type, whichwill utllize the exhaustgases for heating the feed water There" are many well recognizedadvantages pertaining to the locomotive high pressure boiler, .but fromthe standpoint of economy in fuel consumption, thisetype of boiler hasnot been found fullysatisfactory,

' in that the temperature of the gases discharged from' the boiler.is'much higher than in those of the low pressure types. Inthe.

presentinvention, the heat of the discharge gases. is made available {toheat thefwater in an'geconomlzer, to be used as feed waterfor maintainsthe advantages of the the steam generating member of the'boiler.Thetemperature of thedischarged gases 1s brought-to a comparatively lowpoint, as 1n the low pressure boiler, while the boiler still highpress'ure-feature.- i i The improvement claimed .eis hereinafterfullyset forth; 7

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 isa vertical. longitudinal centralsection through a locomotive boiler, lllustratlng an embodiment 'oftheinvention; F ig; 2, a rear View, in elevation, thereof;F-igs.,.3,4, 5, 6

and/7, vertical'transverse sections, :onthe lines,.a a,.b b, c 0, d d,ande e,,respectively, of Fig. 1; Fig. 8, a front view, in. elevation,Figs. -2 8 inclusivezbeing on enlarged scales; and, Fig. 9, a partialside view,in elevation.

In the practice of the invention, referring descriptively to the especific embodiment thereof which is hereinexemplified, theessentialelements a of a locomotive boiler-in accordance therewith, comprise afire chamber, indicated as a unit by the reference symbol,- A; a heatingchamber for the gases coming from the fire chamber,. indicated by B; aneconomizer for heating the feed water for the boiler, by means of thegasescoming from the heating chamber, indicated by C;

and a high pressure steam generator, disposed in the fire chamber-and:heating chamthrough them of the s'rriAM OI E 192s; :Scria11\lo;271 t6l3.ber, indicated D. The detailed description of the'essential' elementsabove stated,

which follows, is made with-noticethatthey may be varied as tostructural detail, in the discretion of a constructor skilled in theart, without departurefrom thespirit and operative principleoftheinvention. e

. Y In-thef instance herein set forth, the'fire chamber, A, comprisesthe side and top'enclosing walls, 1, and end walls, 2 and 3, whicha'reheaders for. thegene'rator, asfwill presently appear, the wall, 2,being provided with an opening, 2a; for filing the boiler, and the wall,3, being-provided with an opening, 30:,

and grate, 4'.. The heating chamber, 'B, for receiving the gases comingfrom the fire chamber, is formed by the walls, "5, and communicateswiththe fire chamber, through the opening,3a, of the wall, 3, which-servesas an end wall for the chamber. The .opposite end wall is formed byparts of the generator-and economizer, as will presently I 1 Db, in theheating chamber, B." The section,

'Da, comprises two headers, I2 and 3, which of the fire chamber, twoupper drums, 10, 10,

also, as before stated, serve for theendwalls and two lower drums, 11,11,connected to the headers in the usual manner, and aseries of watertubes, 12, extending between the upper and lowerdrums. 7 j i Thesection, Db, comprises upper drums, 13, 13-, alower drum, 1d, aseries'of water tubes, 15, extending between the upper and lower drums,and a header, 16, provided with an opening, 1621'. The drums, 13,13, and14, are. connected, at one-of. their ends, -to the header, '16, and, attheir toppositeeends, to the 1 header, 3, this latter header therebyserving as a common header for both sections of the steam generator. Bythis construction, the sections of the generator are maintained incommunication with each other, to insure an equal pressure in both. Theheaders are constructed hollow throughout, thereby afford ingcommunication between the drums. The header, 16, and the plate, 8, serveas end walls for the heating chamber,B. I

Superheaters of any desired type may be applied and disposed in theboiler at any of the usual points. In the present instance,asuperheater, G, is provided in the smoke box, 17, with its unitsdisposed in certain of the flues, 9, which are enlarged to accommodatethem in theusual manner, connections, 18, serving to connect the drums,13, with the throttle (not shown), and the superheaters.

The water from the economizer, which usually will beat a comparativelylow pressure, is forced into the high pressure steam generator by meansof one or more pumps. In the present embodiment, a. pump, 19, isemployed, which is in communication with the economizer through aconduit, 20, and with the steam generator through a conduit, 21.

While it is desirable that little or no evaporation shall take place inthe economizer, provision is however made to take care of the relativelysmall amount of steam that may be generated. To this end, a drum, 22, isconnected to the econoniizer by means of meme bers, 23, adapting it toreceive the steam that may be generated, and a conduit, 24, conveys thesteam to the cab turret, 25, of the locomotive, to be used inauxiliaries, or otherwise, as may be desired.

As previously stated, the object of the invention is to moreadvantageously utilize the excessively high temperature discharged gasesof a high pressure loco-motive boiler, than has previously been done.This presents a comparatively simple problem, in stationary boilers, butin portable boilers, such as the locomotive boiler for instance, spaceis all important, and therefore several important factors enter into thepresent invention. It is obviously desirable that the gases ofcombustion enter the smoke box at as low a temperature as possible. Thetubes, 9, of the economizer, which are open at both ends, communicate,at one of their ends, with the heating chamber, B, through the opening,16a, and with the smoke box, at their opposite ends. V

The flues, 9, in effect, lengthen the heating chamber between the firechamber, A, and the smoke box, thereby affording a better opportunityfor absorbing the heat of the discharged gases before they reach thechimney.

The economizer is preferably maintained at a comparatively low pressure,say, between one hundred and twohundred pounds, while the high pressuregenerator may be, say, between four hundred and five hundred pounds, asan illustration. It is highly desirable that the economizer bemaintained at as close a temperature to the saturation temperature aspossible, with minimum evaporation of the water therein. To accomplishthis, several factors must be considered. vCareful consideration must begiven to the relative propor- V tioning of the generator and economizer,to

insurethe proper division of heat between them. The econcmizer must alsobe properly positioned relative to the fire chamber, for if it is toonear, there will be excessive evaporation. That is to say, the heatingchamber, B, should be of suificientrelative size to prevent excessiveevaporation of. the water in the economizer, while insuring the desiredhigh temperature. By a proper consideration of these features, the waterin the economizer may be raised froma certain tempera ture toapproximately the saturation temperature, at moderate pressure,.and thewater in the generator raised from this temperature to the saturationtemperature, at high pressure, and complete evaporation of all the waterthereby effected. g

The attainment of the above conditions may be, at times, more or lessdisturbed by outside factors entering in, or otherwise, as for instance,by varying the fire ratings. The present invention contemplates theprovision of means for correcting this, to a greater or less extent, andis intended to cover this feature broadly, as there are various ways ofaccomplishing it. For instance, it maybeaccomplished by varying thepressure in the economizer, between reasonable limits, say one hundredand two hundred pounds; or by con trolling the amount of water fed tothe economizer; or when a feed water heater is used for the economizer,by varying the amount of exhaust steam led into the feed water heater,thus affecting the temperature of the water entering the economizer fromthe feed Water heater. The variation in the amount of exhaust steam fedmay be effected manually, or automatically, by using thermostatic orpressure control, to throttle the exhaust steam inlet to the feed waterheater;

In the present construction, to better insure the desired hightemperature-and minimum evaporation of the water in the economizer, a.thermostat is employed. To this end, a feed water heater, 26, isprovided, communicating with the exhaust passage of the cylinder, 27,trough a conduit, 28,- to receive steam therefrom, and alsocommunicating with the water tank (not shown) in the usual manner.

The feed water heater is further connected with the economizer by aconduit, 29, whereby the heatedwater from the heater is fed thereto. Theconduit, 28, is provided with a control valve,-30, which is suitablyconnected to a thermostat, 31, to be operated thereby in a well knownliiannerl The thermostat is connected to the economlzer ma well knownman ner, whereby it will automatically respond in theeconomi'zer; M

to a chang-ein the t em'peratureo'f the water r While adirecttemperature control has-been described byway of illustration," itwill be understood that,if-.desired, the temperature may be controlledbyindirect means. For in stance, the temperature may be indirectlycontrolled by=the control of the pressure, any suitable or well knowndevice being employed for this purpose .By thus maintaining the pressurecontrol, the temperaturewill-also' be controlled.- i

The enerator which com rises three headers, with four drums, and:watertubes in the fire chamber, and three drums and water tubes in the;heating chamber, with the intermediate header between the two, chambers,provides for a very intensive evapora-' tion, due to the large directheating surface, which is enhanced by feeding the generator underpressure, by meanscf a'pump. This fire tube economizer forward of theheating secures-a very high capacity in a limited space. lMor-eover,the-scale precipitation takes place in the :economizer, and practicallynoqscale is .formedin the generator, thus eliminating the 'diiiicu toperation of cleaning the insideofthe water tubes. It will beunderstood, however, that, if desired, an ad- ClllJlOIliLl SCiLlQ.prec1p1tatmg device, of suit-'- able ,or'well known construction, maybe in stalled in theusual manner. Furthermore, the-drums of'thegenerator maybe provided with the usual plug openings, or-man-holes,

to facilitate the. cleaning of the water, tubes 7 of the generator'inthe usual manner, when founddesira'ble. V i

ThGSBCtIOH- Of the steam generator com o prised ini'the fire chamber is"provided with four drums, the lower two of which" are located well' outat the sides of the chamber the heating-chamber in ffront.flntthislatter chamber there are but three :drums employed :Two 'of thes'earedisposed 'in the top of the'chalmber -at each side thereof, and thethird is centrally located thefbottom. A nest of watertubes canteen-heupper drums with the lower drum' ,-and are arranged trans versely ot thechamber. to include' a. width substantially equal to the diameter of theeconomizenand the chamber itself is made approximately this width, asclearly shown in Figsp'ande of. the drawings, a.

is Y The hot gases: pass from the fire chamber,

throughthe contracted heating chamber, and finally ,throughtheQCOIIOHHZEIK'; The water tubes, arranged throughout substantially the[entire space of the. heating chamber, are in the-direct path thesegases, and {thus are most-effectively heated.thereby. This constructionand arrangement or vthe featuresot the generator presents a desirablelllbOdl-i ment ota form of generatoreespecially adapted. ftOl operateunder certain COHClltlOIlS and withcertain kinds of fuel; 3

, The invention'claiined'as'new and desired to besecuredby LettersPatent 1s:

1. A locomotive boilercompr sing a fire chamber, a contracted heatingchamber in advance thereof; a steam generatorihaving a sectiondisp'osedin: said" fire chamber-and a section disposed inisaid heating chamberand iaving .upper and lower 'longitudinal drums and rows ofsubstantially vertical, spaced,-

water:'tubesj"extending from top to bottom throughout the entire widthof the' heating chamber and connected to said drums; and'ae T chamberfor heating feed waterffor said berand having a series of water tubes oneach side of the chamber providing a'space therebetween for thecombustion of fuel, and said generator having another one of itssections in said heatingchamber and having upper.

a'nd'lower' longitudinal drums and rows of substantiallyvertical,spaced, water tubes eX- tending from top to bottom throughout the entirewidthof the heating chamber and connected to said drumsgand a firetubeeconomizer forward of the heating-chamber for heating feed waterfor-said steam generator. 3ml; locomotive boiler comprising a firechamber; acontracted heating chamber in advancethereof; a steamgenerator having a section iii-the fire chamber and a section in;

the heatingchamberhaving upper and lower longitudinal drumsand rows ofsubstantiallyvertical, spaced, water tubes extending from top to bottomthroughout the entire width of said heating chamber and connected tosaid drums and an. independent fire tube economizer' forward of theheating chamber for heatingfeed water for} the steam generator, saideconomizer'havin'g a diameter sub-f st antially equal ftothe contractedheating chamber. j g i I; li'A locomotive boilercomprising anindependent fire tube economizer. for heating feed water; a firechamber; a heating chamber between the fire chamber and the economizer;a high pressure tubular steam generator disposed in said chambers,including water tubes and a set of upper and lower drums incommunication with the tubes in one chamber, water tubes and a set ofupper and lower drums in communication with said last mentioned watertubes in the other chamber an end header for each set connecting thedrums thereof and an intermediate header disposed between the chambersconnecting all the drums, whereby the water tubes in one chamber arebrought into communication with the water tubes in the other chamber; apassage for feeding water from the economiZer to the generator; means insaid passage for variably controlling the rate of feed watertherethrough; a feed water heater for the economizer; and means forfeeding the water from the heater to the economizer.

5. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberforward of the fire chamber; a sectional high pressure tubular steamgenerator disposed in said chambers, one section of said generator beingdisposed in the fire chamber and one section of said generator beingdisposed in the heating chamber and having rows of substantiallyvertical spaced water tubes extending from top to bottom throughout theentire width of the heating chamber; a fire tube economizer in advanceof the heating chamber for heat ing feed water for the steam generator;a hot water feeder for said economizer; means for supplying heat to thefeeder; means for con trolling the temperature of the feed waterresponsive to variations in temperature of the water in the economizer;means for supply.- ing water from the feeder to the economizer; andmeans for supplying water from the economizer to the steam generator.

6. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberdisposed forwardly of the fire chamber; a steam generator disposed insaid chambers having lower water drums, upper drums for the collectionof steam and a plurality of tubes connecting the steam and water drumsextending throughout the fire chamber and heating chamber; anindependent fire tube economizer for heat-ing feed water for said steamgenerator; a feed water passage communicating with said steam generatorand said economizer; means in said passage for variably controlling therate of feed of water therethrough; a feed water heater for theeconomizer; and means for feeding the water from said heater to theeconomizer at a temperature variable with relation to the temperature ofthe water in the economizer.

7. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberdisposed forwardly of the fire chamber; an independent fire tubeeconomizer for heating feed water,

'lower water drum, an upper drum for the collection of steam a pluralityof tubes connecting the steam and Water drums and a plurality of headersconnecting the steam and water drums, one of the headers constituting arear wall for the fire chamber and another of the headers constituting adividing'wall between the fire and heating chambers and having anopening for the passage of gases of combustion from the fire chamber tothe heating chamber; a passage communicating with the steam generatorand the economizer for feeding water from the economizer. to the steamgenerator; means in said passage for variably controlling the rate offeed of water therethrough; a feed water heater for the economizer; apassage'communicating with the economizer and the feed Water heater; andmeans for variably controlling the temperature of Water feed throughsaid last mentioned passage.

8. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberdisposed forwardly of the fire chamber; an independent fire tubeeconomizer for heating water, disposed forwardly of the heating chamber,and adapted to be heated by gases of combustion from the heatingchamber; a steam generator disposed in said chambers, having a lowerdrum of water, an upper drum for the collection of steam, and aplurality of tubes connecting the steam and water drums, extendingthroughout the said fire and heating chambers; a'passage communicatingwith the steam generator and the economizer for feeding water from theeconomizer to the steam generator; means in said passage for variablycontrolling the rate of feed of water therethrough; a feed water heaterfor the economizer; and means for variably controlling the temperatureof the feed waterfor the economizer.

9. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberdisposed forwardly of the fire chamber; an independent fire tubeeeonomizer for heating water disposed forwardly of the heating chamberand adapted to be heated by gases of combustion from the heatingchamber; a steam generator disposed in said chambers, comprising a lowerwater drum, an upper drum for the collection of steam; and a pluralityof tubes connecting the steam and water drums, extending throughoutthesaid fire and heating chambers; a feed water heater for theeconomizer; means for feeding the water from the heater to theeconomizer; means responsive to temperature changes of the water in theeconomizer operable to effect the temperature of the feed water, forcontrolling the tempera the economizer to the steam generator; and

means in said passage for controlling the rate of flow of feed Watertherethrough...

10. A locomotive boiler comprising a fire a chamber; an independent firetube economizer for heatingfeed Water; a heating chamber betweenthe'fire chamber and the economizer; a steam generator disposed in sa dchambers vincluding water and. steam retaining means andwater tubes ineach chamberin communication Withsaid means; a'feed vvater heater forsaid econonnzer; means for feeding the Water from'the heater to theeconomizer; v

' for .said steam generator a hot .Water feeder V automatic meansresponsive to temperature 'changes'of the Waterrin theeconomizer'operable to effect the. temperature of the feed Water for theeconomizer, for controlling the temperature of the Water in theeconomizer;

and means for feeding'Wat-er from the economizer to the generator. 7

11. A vlocomotive boiler comprising a fire chamber; a heating chamberdisposed for Wardly of the fire chamber; an economizer comprising ashell and fire ,tubes disposed longitudinally of the shell;saideconomizer being disposed forwardly of the heating,

chamber andadapted to be heated-by gases of combustion therefrom, forheating feed Water; a steam generator disposed in said chamberscomprising two units one disposed in the fire chamber and the otherdisposed in the heating chamber, each unit comprising a lower Waterdrum, an upper .drum for the collection of steam and a plurality oftubes con-' neoting the steam and Water drums, and a header common toboth'sections, bringing the upper and lower drums thereof intocommunicat on; a passage commumcating with one of the drums and theeconomizer for feeding Water from the economizerv to said drum; means insald passage for variabl'y'controllmg the rate of flow of said watertherethrough; a 7

feed ater heater for'the economizer;,and

means for feeding Water from the heater to the economizer. 1 V

12. A locomotive boiler comprlsing a fire chamber an independent firetube economlzer tubes in communicationwith said drums extendingthroughout the said chambers a passage for feeding water fromtheeconomizer to the steam generator; means in said passage for variablycontrolling the rate of feed of Water therethrough; a feed Water heaterfor.

the economizer; and means for feeding water from the heater to theeconomizer, sa1d economizer belng disposed and of a s1ze,relat1veto the-generator-- to prevent any' substantial. amount of steam to be formedinthe econo-. mi'zerv during: the normal operation: ,Oflthe lo omotive:q

@1 3. The. combination of a steam generator;

for said steamgenerator; hot Water feeder for said -.economizer;i meansfor supplying heat to'thez-feeder operatively responsive tovariations"inthetemperatureof the ater in, the economizer ;vmeans forfeeding Waterfrom the feeder to the economizer; and means for feedingWater, from thGGCOIIOmIZGYtO -thG steam generator; g M Y 14. Thecomblnation of a'steam generator; a fire tube economizer for heatingfeedwater for said economizer "means" for supplying heat to thefeeder.;"thermostatic mjeans'fon controlling the heat supply to'ithefeeder, operatively responsive to variations in the; temperaturei-of-theWater in the eeonomizem; means for feeding Water from the feeder to Ithe economize! ,andmeans'for feeding water fromthe economizer to thesteam generator. 115.. Ina locomotiveboiler, the comb nation of a steamgenerator-ya fil'tllbGQCOIlOIIllZGI for heating feed water.forsaidzsteam :gener-Q 16. In a locomotiveboiler, the combination ofasteam'generator; a'fire tube economizer for, heating feedvv'ater forsaid, steam generator; a hot Water feeder'for said economizer; means forsupplying heat tothe feeder; thermostatic means for controlling theheatsup ply to the feeder, operativelyresponsive to variations in thetemperature of the water in the economizer; means for feeding Water fromthe the feeder'to the'ec'onomizer; and

means for feeding Water from the economizer' to the steam generator;

17. The combmatlon of asteam'generator; a fire tube economizerforheating feed Water for said steam generator a hot Water feeder vforsaid economizer; means for supplying heat to thefeeder operatively'responsive to variations ofipressure in the economizer;

means for feeding Water from the feederto the economizer'; and means forfeeding ater from thereconomizer tothe steam generator.

18, In alocomotive boiler, thecombination of a steam generator; a firetube economizer v 1215 ator; a'hotvvater feeder for said econom zer;

for heating feed water for said steam generi-' means for supplying heatto the feeder operativelyresponsive to variations of pressure'in theeconomizer; means for feeding Waterfrom the feeder to the economizer'and meansfor afire tube economize]: forheatingfeed Water feeding Waterfrom the economizer to the steam generator.

19. In a locomotive'boiler, the combination of a fire chamber; aneconomizer for heating feed Water; a heating chamber between the firechamber and economizer; a high pressure steam generator disposed in thechambers; a hot Water feeder for said economizer; means for supplyingheat to the feeder; thermostatic means for controlling the heat supplyto the feeder, operatively responsive to a variation in temperature ofthe Water in the economizer; a passage for feeding Water from theeconomizer to the generator; and means in said passage for variablycontrolling the rate of feed of Water therethrough.

20. In a locomotive boiler, the combination of a fire chamber; aneconomizer for heating feed Water; a heating chamber, between the firechamber and economizer; a high pressure steam generator disposed in thechambers; a hot Water feeder for said economizer; means for supplyingheat to the feeder; automatic means for controlling the heat supply tothe a feeder, operatively responsive to a variation in temperature ofthe Water in the economizer; and means for feedlng Water from theeconomizer to the generator.

ALPHONSE LIPETZ.

